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Bovine Metabolome Database

Showing metabocard for Betaine (BMDB00043)

Version	1.0
Creation Date	2005-11-16 15:48:42
Update Date	2009-05-28 10:24:19
Accession Number	BMDB00043
Common Name	Betaine
Description	Betaine or trimethylglycine is a methylated derivative of glycine. It functions as a methyl donor in that it carries and donates methyl functional groups to facilitate necessary chemical processes. The donation of methyl groups is important to proper liver function, cellular replication, and detoxification reactions. Betaine also plays a role in the manufacture of carnitine and serves to protect the kidneys from damage. Betaine has also been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria. Betaine has also been used in the treatment of liver disorders, for hyperkalemia, for homocystinuria, and for gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th Ed, p1341)
Synonyms	(Carboxymethyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide inner salt (Trimethylammonio)acetate 1-Carboxy-N,N,N-trimethylmethanaminium inner salt 1-carboxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-Methanaminium 1-carboxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-Methanaminium hydroxide Abromine Aminocoat Betafin Betafin BCR Betafin BP Betaine Cystadane Ektasolve EE FinnStim Glycine betaine Glycocoll betaine Glycylbetaine Greenstim Loramine AMB 13 Loramine AMB-13 Lycine N,N,N-Trimethylglycine Oxyneurine Rubrine C Trimethylaminoacetate Trimethylaminoacetic acid Trimethylglycine Trimethylglycocoll a-Earleine alpha-Earleine trimethylbetaine Glycine
Chemical IUPAC Name	2-trimethylammonioacetate
Chemical Formula	C5H11NO2
Chemical Structure
Chemical Taxonomy	Kingdom Organic Super Class Amino acids and Amino Acid conjugates Class Quaternary Amines; Amino Acids Sub Class Short chain quaternary ammonium salts Family Mammalian_Metabolite Species cation; anion; quaternary ammonium salt; carboxylic acid salt Biofunction Osmolyte; Component of Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism; Component of Methionine metabolism Application — Source Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight	117.146
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight	117.078979
Isomeric SMILES	C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O
Canonical SMILES	C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O
KEGG Compound ID	C00719
BioCyc ID	BETAINE
BiGG ID	35786
Wikipedia Link	Betaine
METLIN ID	287
PubChem Compound	247
PubChem Substance	2165
ChEBI ID	17750
CAS Registry Number	107-43-7
InChI Identifier	InChI=1/C5H11NO2/c1-6(2,3)4-5(7)8/h4H2,1-3H3
Synthesis Reference	Mu, Yun; Guo, Xiao-hui. Improved process for preparation of betaine. Huaxue Yu Shengwu Gongcheng (2005), 22(7), 48-49.
Melting Point (Experimental)	293 oC ( Soicke, H., Fitoterapia 1988, V59(1), P73-5); 301 oC dec.
Experimental Water Solubility	611.0 mg/mL at 19 oC [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANENFELSER,RM (1992)] Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility	1.86 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge	0
State	Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity	Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity	-2.70 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; -4.93 [MEYLAN,WM & HOWARD,PH (1995)] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)	Show PDF/HTML
MOL File	Show
SDF File	Show
PDB File	Show
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID	Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum	Download Spectrum Download FID (Varian) Show Experimental Conditions
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum	Download Spectrum Download FID (Bruker) Show Experimental Conditions
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum	Download Spectrum Download FID (Bruker) Show Experimental Conditions
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum	Show Image Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum	Show Image Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum	Low Energy Download File Show Experimental Conditions Medium Energy Download File Show Experimental Conditions High Energy Download File Show Experimental Conditions
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum	Not Available
BMRB Spectrum	Show Image Show Peaklist
Cellular Location	Cytoplasm Extracellular mitochondria
Biofluid Location	Breast_Milk
Tissue Location	Tissue References Adipose Tissue — Adrenal Cortex — Adrenal Gland — Bladder — Epidermis — Fibroblasts — Gonads — Gut — Intestine — Kidney — Liver — Pancreas — Placenta — Platelet — Prostate — Skeletal Muscle — Skin — Spleen — Stratum Corneum — Testes —
Concentrations (Normal)	Biofluid Breast_Milk Value 459 - 1410 uM Age N/A Sex N/A Condition Normal Comments Raw. skim. References [PubMed ] Biofluid Breast_Milk Value 597 +/- 44 uM Age N/A Sex N/A Condition Normal Comments Quantified by NMR in 2% milk References [PubMed ] Biofluid Breast_Milk Value 610 +/- 52 uM Age N/A Sex N/A Condition Normal Comments Quantified by NMR in skim milk References [PubMed ] Biofluid Breast_Milk Value 572 +/- 18 uM Age N/A Sex N/A Condition Normal Comments Quantified by NMR in 1% milk References [PubMed ] Biofluid Breast_Milk Value 631 +/- 57 uM Age N/A Sex N/A Condition Normal Comments Quantified by NMR in 3.25% milk References [PubMed ]
Concentrations (Abnormal)	Not Available
Pathway Names	Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism
HMDB Pathways	Name Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism Image Show
KEGG Pathways	Name Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism Image Show
SimCell Pathways	Name Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism Image Show Graph Show SBML Download (XML)
General References	Wikipedia

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